Bases para la traducción-recreación al español de poemas escritos en francés

El objetivo de este artículo, de corte eminentemente didáctico, es el de proponer al estudiante de traducción literaria una práctica serie de bases encaminadas al desarrollo de estrategias que le ayuden a superar, gracias a la traductología, a los estudios literarios y a la métrica, algunos de los problemas que suele plantear la práctica de la traducción poética al español de poemas escritos en francés. Para ello se reflexiona sobre las implicaciones teóricas más significativas de la traducción poética en la combinación francés-español y se presentan, con el fin de ilustrarlas, dos ejemplos de traducción poética.G.I. HUM 767 (ayudas a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Andalucía) / Editorial Comares (colección interlingua

Manual de traducción y adaptación de canciones para doblaje y teatro musical

Reseña de Manual de traducción y adaptación de canciones para doblaje y teatro musicalIñaki Torre Fica y Nicholas SaundersSevilla, Universo de Letras, 2022, 200 pp

Un modelo de análisis medial y multimodal de musicales traducidos: el caso de Notre Dame de París (2001)

This paper aims to contribute to the development of Descriptive Translation Studies in the area of the translation of stage musicals in Spain through an exploratory study. A medial-multimodal approach is adopted to provide a model for the analysis of translated musicals. This is illustrated by studying the context and the paratext of Notre Dame de París (2001), and the multimodality of one of its songs: “La canción de la zíngara”, which is compared to its source text. The contextual, paratextual and textual analysis of the case study reinforces two recurring ideas in the literature: the contextual-functional fidelity of the target text regarding the source text, and the tendency to import productions that are attractive to the general public and accessible from the point of view of the target interpretive context.En este trabajo se pretende contribuir al desarrollo de los estudios descriptivos de traducción en el ámbito de la traducción de musicales escénicos en España a través de un estudio exploratorio. Desde un enfoque medial y multimodal, se propone un modelo de análisis de musicales traducidos que se ilustra con un estudio del contexto y del paratexto de Notre Dame de París (2001), así como del medio y de la multimodalidad en una de sus canciones («La canción de la zíngara», cotejada con su texto origen). El análisis del contexto, del paratexto y del texto seleccionado viene a reforzar dos ideas recurrentes en la literatura: la fidelidad contextual‑funcional del texto meta con respecto al texto origen y la tendencia a importar producciones atractivas para el gran público y accesibles desde el punto de vista del contexto interpretativo meta

El glosario como herramienta en interpretación consecutiva. Estudio de un caso práctico: la conciliación en Ruanda

En el presente artículo buscamos, basándonos en un encargo real de interpretación consecutiva y bilateral, para las combinaciones lingüísticas francés-español y español-francés, poner de manifiesto la importancia del proceso de documentación previo al ejercicio de la interpretación en el ámbito de las Relaciones Internacionales. El testimonio de Yolande Mukagasana, superviviente del genocidio de Ruanda de 1994, es el eje temático de este trabajo que, a partir de la recopilación y el estudio de textos paralelos, ofrece como resultado un glosario ad hoc (francés-español y español-francés), una herramienta de referencia para el intérprete ante cuestiones relacionadas con el conflicto de Ruanda (1990-1994).G.I. HUM 767 (ayudas a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Andalucía) / Editorial Comares (colección interlingua

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

La recepción y las canciones en la traducción de musicales en España (2001-2021): Un enfoque descriptivo y funcional

El estudio de los documentos que aportan información sobre los musicales en España y de una lista de 188 musicales estrenados o repuestos permite caracterizar la traducción de musicales en España entre 2001 y 2021. Así, la industria de los musicales de mediano y gran formato se basa en la importación de musicales angloamericanos y globales, en ideas progresistas-liberales, en obras que han sido éxitos de taquilla o en otros medios, en dos grandes productoras, en Madrid y Barcelona, y en una actitud reverencial hacia los musicales origen, que a menudo son franquicias. El musical autóctono, salvo La llamada (2013), tiene poca relevancia social. Los estudios de caso refuerzan las hipótesis planteadas. Notre Dame de París (2001) y Grease (2011) tienen un porcentaje de traducción recreación superior al 86,58 %, mientras que las traducciones cantables de Grease (2006) son algo más libres en cuanto a la función del texto origen, con un porcentaje de traducción recreación del 65,85 %. En cuanto a la estructura, Notre Dame de París (2001) sigue algo menos escrupulosamente que Grease (2006, 2011) el número de sílabas, la acentuación y las rimas originales, lo que se explica en parte por el género de este musical, su idioma origen y su recepción. Apenas hay acentos mal colocados en los textos meta. El corpus pone de manifiesto la posibilidad de distinguir entre traducciones cantables y adaptaciones cantables (Low 2017), siendo las primeras más similares a la función textual origen.La presente tesis doctoral trata de la traducción de musicales escénicos en España en el período 2001 2021. A través de ella se busca conocer mejor la norma de traducción en el contexto señalado y poner en práctica un modelo de análisis descriptivo y funcional de la traducción cantable de musicales. Se espera, además, confirmar la hipótesis de la traducción recreación (Etkind 1982): las canciones meta analizadas transmitirán en alto grado las sinergias que se producen entre la música y la letra de la canción origen. En el nivel de la cultura, esta hipótesis se justifica por la literatura (Mateo 2008: 333 337, Patterson 2010: 24). Tras un estado de la cuestión y el desarrollo de un marco teórico descriptivo queer y funcional multimodal, se propone un modelo de análisis descriptivo y funcional para analizar la recepción de los musicales y la traducción cantable de musicales. Una vez definidas una época y un lugar, el análisis de la recepción pasa por considerar una muestra de musicales estrenados o repuestos y documentos sobre el sector de los musicales basándonos en los factores polisistémicos de Mateo (2008): 1) cultura y lengua origen, 2) recepción productiva y relevancia social; 3) factores comerciales y mediales; 4) factores económicos, humanos y ecológicos; 5) los tipos de musical producidos. El análisis de la traducción cantable pasa por establecer un corpus de canciones de un musical dado, contextualizar el musical origen y el meta y las canciones seleccionadas, y estudiar la estructura y la semiosis de las canciones origen para compararlas con las de las canciones meta respectivas